Tuesday, October 26, 2010

Let the spirit soar your football career


2006 World Cup in Germany will pull heavy curtain, 32 princes Sabre-rattling, determined to win. Running, cheering, shouting, competitive ... ... There is no weak, here refused to mediocrity! The spirit of football is full of charm us is fresh, strong, is forging ahead, passion, hard work ... ...

Workplace football spirit soar

World Cup's influence, sometimes not only because of football, it may be more because of a team, a player who saw a force, a state of mind, and spirit to our shock Let us admire.

Hard achievements dream

Football there is passive, there is a low profile, there is no love publicity, but by no means weak! German football stressed the strong reason, even if only the last second game, they will not give up, fight more than, more than offensive; Italy, and perhaps always a step away from success, yet they have no pain and regret, he brought people more are in the dark see the light; Korean arena everybody roam, struggling to scramble, indomitable, they are calm and stable no matter win or lose, for them, the struggle is an invaluable asset.

Needless to say, in the workplace, enterprise and hard work are essential for each individual potential. Such as international investment banking, undergraduate students beginning in the 25 thousand U.S. dollars annual salary of -5 million, Managing Director of the basic salary has remained at 20 million U.S. dollars. But the world-renowned investment bank analyst working hours per day up to 14-18 hours. First, access to talent and investment banks for novice to learn on their own for the opportunity, like swim, swim out to them, You do not come out and drowned; the other is digging one. The industry needs energetic, enthusiastic and positive, knowledgeable and a high degree of self-discipline, a competitive market and cruel. When we sigh with their high salaries, professional, competent, knowledgeable of the time, ever thought about their own pay and how much?

In fact, the information workplace, many depressed people in 2006, a total of 4.13 million university graduates to employment; a few easy "Karoshi" career also promulgated; heavy work pressure; difficulties in relations between colleagues ... .... Kinds of problems always seem so much more than pleasant, but there are always some people, they never compromise on the negative, never refused to throwing in the towel, they are active, optimistic, full hard, they may be hesitant But never give up.

Casting legendary team

Football itself make people happy, but team spirit is the soul of football. Any game without a team of hard work, and then arrived in good players can hardly rival. German football has always been known as a team, and defending the whole of the Netherlands, Argentina's steel division. Team spirit is the true essence of football.

In fact, for a team, the most dangerous thing was internal discord and internal unity, will be able to conquering, internal discord, is bound to your spirit is damaged, do not fight the enemy. Team members not only need good strikes, and also requires excellent leadership strategist. Liu Yang in charge of the first for Lenovo, but it can be said Guo Wei, Digital China is in charge of the management of cases of success, while Niu Gensheng founded Mengniu from Erie, the Erie case management on less than commendable.

Enhance the standard rules

Soccer match, for space, time, numbers, equipment, referees, namely, winning ways and so there are stringent regulations, it makes a lot of competitive football match and enhance the fairness, team play is satisfied, we see the happy, who won the peace of mind, out of people convinced.

Has a future and not to, so follow the rules of the game. Football and the workplace, although in different environments, as different, but there are common rules of the game. Such as teamwork; such as Gentlemen love fortune, must be acquired; such as to be good at communicating with people; such as prudent, to improve themselves; such as to readily accept new challenges; such as to have clear goals, and share with others Resources ... ... If we can understand the rules of the game, the workplace will be more happy working hard, and many talents are few complaints.

Competition beyond the "Red Sea"

Some people say that "in times of peace, football is war", soccer tactics, lineup, the team ... ... more public support, its influence is really underestimated. However, if a team is strong enough, it will not find anyone other than their own opponents. Brazilian people love football intoxicated, offensive football, art soccer, samba football, Brazil's players are always brilliant passion, they repeatedly attack and performances, hardly stopping. For them, competition is the show, football is fun, even if the competition can maintain the dance-like style, unfettered, unrestrained freedom.

Brazilian's success stems from a love for football, but not on a competitor's attention, with a total commitment to beat the opponent, because of its narrow, destined to be difficult to achieve, especially in the workplace. "Blue Ocean Strategy" that "want to win in the competition, the only way is to not only beat the opponents," and not just to look at the existing industry this "Red Sea", but in encouraging enterprises to brave the unknown market space course, explore the industry still can not see, that business opportunities in the "Blue Ocean." pay more attention to competitors, as more attention to themselves and the broader market, in fact, only the high-growth companies spend very little attention or defeat opponents in keep a close eye, but through the value of their innovations, trying to make competitors become insignificant.

Success comes from action

World Cup has not yet begun, the German physicist Toland on the basis of a physics model to conclude that 56.8% of the German team won the World Cup chance; The British Queen is also the "Times" said that if Beckham Farm to lead the England football team to win, she will have tea at Buckingham Palace requested the players; French team training camp in the Alps, led the team manager threatened to have confidence in the finals ... ... In fact, every player has the desire to win They are aimed at the target - the World Cup.

In the workplace, on the successful pursuit of esteem is actually worth something, but action is more important. For individuals, must have their own goals and planning, you are now? Where you want to? How can we get there? You do? With the objectives and actions that the individual not lose direction. As a team, only the target clear, step by step possible to mobilize the members of passion, more people are willing to fight for the team.

These football spirit, as if a strong cry and the burning passion, Youyuanerjin, let chaos in the workplace seems to become clear, become wise, become powerful.






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Thursday, October 14, 2010

The battle with Ninetowns of Warcraft account


The game does not sell good, the bad games are not necessarily sold poorly, which in China's online game industry has been proven many times.
A big investment products, it is possible a business success, but also drag down a company. This year in January, the world famous game "EverQuest" (EQ) to the famous miscues Ubisoft Shanghai, while another was placed high hopes of "Maken" is dragging down the inside was made famous in the game industry The Heaven interactive software company. Secondary reasons are not fit for the game itself is also operational missteps.
To people, Ninetowns operation "World of Warcraft," have to face three major challenges.
The first is technical risk, such as PW and external operations. It is said that in China there have been "plug Shuaqian" and "accelerated Flying" and other plug-in, the game developer Blizzard can do nothing, which is also for the woe of Ninetowns as good as a bad news.
Second, although the quality WOW strong, but it is not flawless. Late last year, in Europe and the United States issued the first Christmas after the holiday, WOW there have been a large area on the server paralysis, unable to access the player a long time. As the problem can not be resolved in a short time, the last Blizzard only enabled backup servers, only temporary relief from the tension at the time. But the players anger remains high, even to lift their web site editor that will WOW the best game of 2004 as the decision.
Performance pressure. Late last year, Ninetowns successful listing, financing, about the amount of 100 million U.S. dollars. Ninetowns performance pressure, and it and the Blizzard agreement also makes the operating profits of becoming thin. For a normal game, the people will reach the breakeven line. But for the "World of Warcraft", the 8 million people in the same time line to achieve a balance. In fact, free play time and other expenses of the existence of break-even point will be higher, approximately between 150,000 to 20 million people.
Ninetowns operation must be the most successful "miracle" in 2004, 17 173 and the Hai Yirui market Consulting Co., Ltd. jointly organized the "Fourth China online game market research", the NINETOWNS to 12.04% among the Best customers Service second.
But then the process or the operation of the investors to NINETOWNS pinched to Khan, the financial statements in Ninetowns we can see the first quarter of 2004, revenue dropped 46.7%, from 75.6 million yuan fell to 40.3 million element. This is mainly due to the spread of PW and plug blow, resulting in the loss of a large number of users.
From operating experience, the "miracle" and "World of Warcraft" between the two years, Ninetowns only operate through a "outer" and to the size of Ninetowns, "outer" can only be said to be operating dismally, in the few short years, China's online games industry, whether the user level or sales channels, have undergone tremendous changes, and Ninetowns has not witnessed these changes come through combat. Some professionals think: Ninetowns operational and combat experience to lag the market in 2012, may remain in the current "miracle" level.
VUG in accordance with the agreements between Vivendi, Ninetowns in February this year three million U.S. dollars to pay licensing fees, the formal charges before the game, Ninetowns still spending 6.8 million U.S. dollars for certain specific activities. Game charges a 22% sales points, four editions of the total taxes of about 51.3 million U.S. dollars, 1.6 million U.S. dollars per quarter to 370 million. In addition, Ninetowns will have to spend not less than 13 million U.S. dollars in the market cost for the "World of Warcraft" and promotion.
Vivendi and Ninetowns both "World of Warcraft" in China the number of average concurrent online is expected to more than 200 000 ~ 250 000. Clearly this goal is very difficult to maintain for four years, raising prices may be a more feasible option. However, users and very sensitive to price, the price will shield the high number of students and remote areas of the player, which will undoubtedly bring the overall size of the user group is not a small effect.
Ninetowns need to win "the battle of Warcraft" to prove "Ninetowns of accounts" shrewdness.





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Monday, October 11, 2010

jsp, servlet talk about Chinese issues



In the jsp, the Chinese people to be terribly upset often garbled.

Common measures for Chinese processing, can often be seen in the main line is the following 2:

Or:

Virtual Small Dragon Pavilion is also mainly the above two kinds of methods were modified to become a 1.1 version.

A simple summary of the sample occurred in the Chinese and the following places:

1 with the Chinese in the url parameter can be directly read.

For example:

2 sql database relevant to the operation

Here the use of Access without problems.

3 to read HTML form submitted in the form of Chinese values

Need to be encoded in jswdk the more concise wording such as:

String name1 = new String (request.getParameter ("user_id"). GetBytes ("ISO8859_1"));

In addition, jdk1.3 support, do not join

In jdk1.2.2 below, even if the two kinds of methods used at the same time is also very unstable.

In the resin platform, the situation is better. As long as the first line of the page by adding:

Can correctly handle the Chinese.

If we add the code then it does not.

5 session included the Chinese

In jswdk, the strange thing is, if read from the form of encoded values can be displayed correctly;

However, given directly to Chinese values are not.

resin platform well, ibid.

6 for values of the variables assigned after the Chinese displayed correctly in Chinese.

For example, the following procedures:

Also jswdk1.0.1, above representation is not the problem in jdk1.2.2, but it can not be displayed under jdk1.3.

resin platform well, ibid, tested only in make up

Without the need to also be able to display Chinese correctly.

Experience:

jswdk may only be used for general development, stability and other issues may not be as commercial software.

As the jdk1.3 version many times better than those jdk1.2.2, and also better support for Chinese, so it should be used.

As a free commercial software, resin is not only fast, stable, and automatically compile, mistakes can be pointed out that the line can support the use of server-side javascript, etc., but at least I think that the support of the Chinese language well.

Of course, if you can not do anything with the right will show the Chinese what we expected.

Also, I believe in the unix / linux / solaris should under no such problem.







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Wednesday, September 29, 2010

Tencent said the prosecution did not rule out the possibility 51.com



51.com and Tencent on "Rainbow QQ" war of words re-upgrade. 51.com recognition, "Rainbow QQ is a legitimate 51.com respective instant messaging supporting software." In response, Tencent response "will make every effort to plug the illegal" and said they did not exclude the use of legal means possible to solve the problem.

Tencent has announced plans to launch a number of measures to shield all illegal QQ plug-in, the main target is to have the "Show IP function", "Show hidden feature" of the rainbow QQ. Later, friends broke the news, rainbow QQ is actually behind the producers 51.com CEO Pang Dongsheng. But has denied such claims 51.com.

However, 51.com is a public statement yesterday: "Rainbow software is a legitimate 51.com belongs supporting instant messaging software, Tencent no right to arbitrarily identify the Rainbow software illegal." And refers to the software Tencent rainbow of external claims act "and the worm very similar "and" lead to leakage of user information and create security problems "are all false statements," Enterprises can not be too 'QQ'. "

In response, Tencent public hit back: "Tencent will make every effort to safeguard the privacy and information security, illegal plug, actually there are legally registered enterprises engaged in the production of plug-ins, our belief."

Tencent and present a number of operational overlap between 51.com, the outbreak of war was both "a battle of wits" due to the escalating. Around the instant messaging tool QQ is Tencent Internet community formed the core of the business, but 51.com is the largest outside except Tencent social networking site in July this year, the giant network to 51 million U.S. dollars cash 51.com25% of the shares.

In response, industry analysts point out that the purpose is to plug the rainbow from poached Tencent QQ users, to enrich 51.com popularity and cash flow for their contribution. This approach would certainly lead to resentment Tencent. However, legal experts said that under the relevant provisions of the "PW", "external" Internet publishing and other acts of unlawful activities, they should crack down hard. But even to sue 51.com Tencent I am afraid not so easy, we must grasp the very solid evidence, while Chen Shoufu and compared on coral QQ, 51.com has a stronger background. The two sides of a lengthy legal battle or will this began.







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Tuesday, September 14, 2010

How GIS abstract surface features of space?


GIS first problem to be solved is how to use computer technology to describe and express complex spatial surface features and their spatial relationship?

GIS uses highly abstract method of abstract space surface features or phenomena into several basic types - point, line, surface and composite objects.
Spatial position relationship between surface features used to describe the topological relations.

Point data with a specific location, the expression of discrete distribution for space object; below shows the distribution of educational outlets.



Line data type is an abstract linear features or phenomena. The figure is a toll station and the flyover of the linear expression (data cloud from the Beijing Traffic Engineering Co., Ltd. and Beijing Xing Yu Capital Highway Development Co., Ltd. to provide).



Surface expression of a certain spatial range of data and area of spatial entities, spatial coordinates of this data type is a closed chain said. The figure shows the number of ground-like city data.



Composite object used for point, line, surface expression of complex surface features can not be abstract, by point, line, surface expression of a combination.

Topological relations between surface features used to express complex spatial position relationship, such as railway and administrative relationship between the distribution of rivers as water sources and the relationship between residential areas, water pipelines and facilities and the control valve relations. GIS spatial relationship to features on the abstract to the dots, between the lines, between the surface and surface, between points and lines, point and area between the line and face a variety of spatial topological relations between , including the "adjacent", "Deviation", "intersect", "contains", "coincidence" and the expression of the relationship.

Different purpose, on the same surface features of the abstract method is also different. Million population of the country such as the distribution of large cities, the cities can be abstracted as points, but on the management of urban infrastructure, the city can not simply be a point-like surface features of the.






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Wednesday, August 4, 2010

To do with Akoff Music Composer MIDI music (2)


We all know that there are many types of music files, so there are a lot of people ask the question, how to with the large WAV files or MP3 files into a "MIDI" file format, because they found that the format of music files " very small. " General we see the MIDI format at most tens of K, really quite attractive. However, unless you have a professional knowledge of music and want to produce their own paper so it is very difficult.
Presented to you today Akoff Music Composer software can help you make up for this sorry, it can be music files into MIDI files, is very convenient.

Use before briefly about what is MIDI, you will better understand the work principle of the software.

The so-called MIDI is actually short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, literal translation can be translated as "musical instrument digital interface", to the effect that the method used to achieve digital music player. After he and our common MP3, WAV files are not the same, it does not contain any real musical information. It is actually the sound card for voice control, if the sound card for this part of the function of a set of keys than in the case, then the MIDI file is available for the computer to read the music.


Here, surely you can immediately see why MIDI files are so small, that record is a command rather than a real musical information, such as MP3, WAV and other documents to show that the record is a code rate of musical clarity, and The MIDI file is not there this issue, because the sound card sound card wavetable synthesis chip (or special wavetable synthesis) is applied to the synthesis performance. Sometimes it sounds really no difference, but when you open the volume control to find something to "software synthesizer", mute, you can find, MIDI files can no longer audible. (Figure 1)



Figure 1


Finished these, you probably already understand, the software will actually restore the musical scores through the analysis of information, MIDI files, which, as we usually carry out some of the "notation."


First need to note is that it can only be realized from the "WAV" to "MIDI" change, if the other format, first convert the "WAV" file. Everything is ready, open the software interface (Figure 2):



Figure 2

We mainly use the above three-part feature.

First, use the first column of the "Open" function to find the need to convert the "wav" file, then in the file column will show the path to the file, the right to listen to the playback control file.

Select the green Convert button, the further in the following window settings (Figure 3):



Figure 3

First select a document identifying the voice of musical types, the software provides a "human voice" "The Piano" "wind," "Acoustic Piano", "whistle" identify the type used to generate five different tracks, if you have the original file contains more than sound, we must complete the following steps, respectively.

After a good choice to start on the right of the "Start" button, it will automatically play music, and start the conversion. You can see the waveform and musical keyboard in the bottom of every detail that was converted into the corresponding pitch of the key bit, the end of conversion, you can select "MIDI" column "PLAY" view the conversion results, while you can change of tone change after the file is used to add audio tracks.

Select "Add Track" can do on a track to the main panel of synthetic tracks, you can generate different colors were extracted from the track needs, thus forming a chord effect. (Figure 4)



Figure 4

Of course, the pursuit of results, there are many details can be adjusted, such as tone, you can identify the voice on the sound card, can be named to the track, select the instrument, adjust the volume and balance, etc. about to rise. Satisfied, click on File- > SaveMidiFileAs (Save as Midi file) can, on completion of a music conversion.








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Wednesday, July 21, 2010

C + + programmers to easily commit the error of 10 C #


We know, C # and C + + syntax is very similar, from a C + + to C # transformation, the difficulty is not the language itself, but rather familiar. NET-managed environment and on. NET framework for understanding.

Although C # and C + + in grammatical change is very small, almost not have any impact, but some changes are enough to make some careless moment of C + + programmers in mind. In this article we will discuss the C + + programmers the ten most likely to commit errors.

Trap 1: there is no clear end of the method

Almost completely sure that, for most in terms of C + + programmers, C # and C + + the biggest difference is that debris collection. This also means that programmers no longer need to worry about memory leaks and make sure to remove all the useless pointer. But we can no longer accurately control the process kill useless objects. In fact, in C #, there is no clear destructor.

If the use of non-management resources, without the use of these resources, you must explicitly release it. Recessive control of resources by Finalize method (also known as the finalizer) provided, when the object is destroyed, it will be called to recover debris collection program resources occupied by the object.

finalizer should only release the destruction of the object occupied Non-management resources, and other objects should not be involved. If the program is only used to manage resources, it need not be the implementation of Finalize method, only the non-manageability of resources will be used in the treatment of Finalize method. As the need to take up certain resources finalizer, it should only need it to perform the method finalizer.

Directly call an object's Finalize method is not permitted (except in sub-class called base class Finalize Finalize.), Debris collection program will automatically call Finalize.

From the syntax point of view, C # in the destructor and C + + is very similar, but in fact they are completely different. C # the destructor definition of Finalize method is a shortcut. Therefore, the following Erduan code is different:

~ MyClass ()
(
/ / Need to complete the task
)

MyClass.Finalize ()
(
/ / Need to complete the task
base.Finalize ();
)

Error 2: Finalize and Dispose to use whom?

From the above discussion, we have been very clear, explicit to call the finalizer is not allowed, it can only be called debris collection program. If you want to free up some no longer in use as soon as possible a limited number of non-managed resources (such as file handles), you should use the IDisposable interface, the interface has a Dispose method, which can help you accomplish this task. Dispose is no need to wait for Finalize to be called and be able to release the non-manageability of resources.

If you have used the Dispose method, you should stop the debris collection process and then the corresponding object method implementation of Finalize. To do this, you need to call the static method GC.SuppressFinalize, and the corresponding object pointer passed to it as a parameter, Finalize method can call the Dispose methods. Accordingly, we can get the following code:

public void Dispose ()
(
/ / Complete clean-up operation

/ / Notify the GC not to call Finalize method
GC.SuppressFinalize (this);
)

public override void Finalize ()
(
Dispose ();
base.Finalize ();
)

For some objects, may call the Close method is more suitable (for example, the document object calls Close on more appropriate than Dispose), you can create a private property of the Dispose method and the Close method of public property, and to call Dispose to realize Close call the Close method of some object.

Given the uncertainty will call Dispose, but the implementation is uncertain finalizer (we can not control when the GC will run), C # provides a Using statement to ensure the Dispose method will be called the earliest possible time. General approach is to define which objects to use, then use brackets for these objects to specify a range of activities, in the event when the innermost parentheses, Dispose method will be automatically invoked, the object for processing.

using System.Drawing;
class Tester
(
public static void Main ()
(
using (Font theFont = new Font ("Arial", 10.0f))
(
/ / Use theFont object

) / / Compiler will call Dispose object processing theFont

Font anotherFont = new Font ("Courier", 12.0f);

using (anotherFont)
(
/ / Use anotherFont object

) / / Compiler will call Dispose object processing anotherFont

)

)

In this case, the first part, Font object is created in the Using statement. When the Using statement at the end, the system will call Dispose, on the Font object for processing. In this case, the second part, Font object is created in the Using statement outside, in the decision to use it, then place it inside the Using statement, when the Using statement at the end, the system will call Dispose.

Using statement can also prevent other accidents from occurring, ensure that the system will call Dispose.

Error 3: C # in the value-type variables and reference-type variables are different

As with C + +, C # is a strongly typed programming language. C #, data types are divided into two categories: C # language itself, the inherent data types and user-defined data types, which is also similar with C + +.

In addition, C # language Hai Ba variables are divided into value types and reference types. Unless it is to be included in a reference type, value type variables retained in the stack, this point and C + +, variables are very similar. Reference type variable is a stack, its value is the address of the object heap, and C + +, the pointer is very similar. Value type variable value is directly passed to the method of reference-type variables are passed as parameters to the method, passing the index.

Classes and interfaces can create reference type variable, but need to point out that structure data type is a built-in C # data types, it is also a value-based data types.

Error 4: Note that implicit data type conversion

Boxing and unboxing enable value data type is used as the index data type using the two processes. Value-type variables can be packaged into an object, and then the return value is unpacked variables. Including built-in data types, including C #, the data of all types can be implicitly converted to an object. Packing a value type variable will generate an object instance, and then copied to the instance variable.

Boxing is implicit, if necessary where the index data type data type using a value type variable, the value of hidden variable will be transformed into the index data type of variable. Boxing will affect the performance of code execution, so should be avoided, especially when the data volume.

If you want to convert a packed object back to the original value type variable, it must be explicit to be unpacked. Unpacking need two steps: First, the object instance checks to ensure they are shaped by the values of variables are packaged into the; second step in the value of the instance to copy the value type variable. In order to ensure a successful solution package was unpacked the object must be packing a value type variable by the value of the index generated objects.

using System;
public class UnboxingTest
(
public static void Main ()
(
int i = 123;

/ / Package
object o = i;

/ / Solution Package (must be the dominant)
int j = (int) o;
Console.WriteLine ("j: (0)", j);
)
)

If the object is unpacked is not valid, or a different data type object index will result InvalidCastException different things.

Error 5: Structure and objects are different

C + + structures and classes in the almost, the only difference is that by default, the structure of access is public, its inheritance rights is public. Some C + + programmers to structure as a data object, but this is not a convention must be the case.

In C #, the structure is only a user-defined data types, and can not be substituted. Although the structure of the support properties, methods, fields and operators, but does not support inheritance and destructor.

More importantly, the class is an indexed data type, the structure is a value type data type. Therefore, the structure of the index operation in the expression of the target area without more useful. Array of operational structure more efficient, and in the operational aspects of the collection is less efficient. Set to index, structure must be packaged is suitable for use in the operation of the collection, a collection of classes in the large-scale operations more efficient.

Error 6: Virtual methods must be explicitly covered

In the C # language, the programmer of a virtual method in the coverage must be the dominant use of the override key word. Suppose a Window class is written by the A company, ListBox and RadioButton classes by B's and programmers in the company prepared to buy the A Window on the basis of class, prepared, B Company of the programmers of the Window class, including changes in the future little is known about the situation, including the design.

If the B's, a programmer to add a ListBox Sort method:

public class ListBox: Window
(
public virtual void Sort () (")
)

A company release a new version in the Window class before, this will not have any problems. A company if the Window class programmers also added a Sort method.

public class Window
(
/ / "
public virtual void Sort () (")
)

In C + +,, Windows class will be the ListBox Sort method Sort method of the class based approach, in the hope of calling Windows class Sort method, ListBox class Sort method will be invoked. In C #, virtual function is always considered to be the root of virtual dispatch. In other words, once C # finds a virtual method, you will not find in the virtual chain other virtual methods. If the ListBox is compiled again, the compiler will generate a warning message:

"Class1.cs (54,24): warning CS0114:''ListBox.Sort ()''hides
inherited member''Window.Sort ()''.

For the current members of the original method of coverage, you need to add the override key word, or add new key word.

To remove the warning message, the programmer must find out what he wants. ListBox class can be added before the Sort method new, that it should not override the virtual method in Window:

public class ListBox: Window
(
public new virtual void Sort () (")

This could clear the warning. If the programmer really want to overwrite methods in the Window, you must use the override key word to demonstrate its intentions explicit.

Error 7: class member variable initialization

C #, C + + initialization and different. Suppose there is a character with a private member variable age of the Person class, Employee class is generated by a succession of Person, and it has a private member variable nature of salaryLevel. In C + +, we can initialize the Employee's constructor initializes some salaryLevel, as shown in the following code:

Employee:: Employee (int theAge, int theSalaryLevel):
Person (theAge) / / initialize base class
salaryLevel (theSalaryLevel) / / initialize member variable
(
/ / Constructor code
)

This method in C #, is illegal. While still can initialize base class, but as the code above as initializes the member variable will cause a compiler error. In C #, we can define a member variable to initialize it when the same:

Class Employee: public Person
(
/ / Member variable definition
private salaryLevel = 3; / / initialization
)

Note: You must explicitly define each variable access.

Error 8: Boolean variables and integer variables are different from children

if (someFuncWhichReturnsAValue ())

In C #, Boolean variables and integer variables are not the same, so the following code is incorrect:

if (someFuncWhichReturnsAValue ())

if someFuncWhichReturnsAValue return to zero, said false, or that the idea is no longer true. The advantage is that the original assignment operator there will be confused with the same error will not happen again. So the following code:

if (x = 5)

At compile time error occurs because the x = 5 is the 5 assigned to the X, rather than a Boolean value.

Error 9: switch statements would be less than the implementation of some statement

In C #, if a switch statement to implement a number of operations, the program may not perform to the next statement. Thus, while the following code in C + + is legal, but in C #, not legal:

switch (i)
(
case 4:
CallFuncOne ();
case 5: / / error, will not be executed here
CallSomeFunc ();
)

To achieve the above purpose of the code needed to use a goto statement:

switch (i)
(
case 4:
CallFuncOne ();
goto case 5;
case 5:
CallSomeFunc ();
)

If the case statement does not execute any code, all the statements will be executed. Such as the following code:

switch (i)
(
case 4: / / can perform to
case 5: / / can perform to
case 6:
CallSomeFunc ();
)

Error 10: C # in the clear assignment of variables required

In C #, all the variables must be assigned before use. Therefore, you can define variables not initialize it, if it is passed to a method before, must be assigned.

If the only way through the index to pass a variable, and the variable is the method of output variables, this is it will cause problems. For example, suppose there is a method that returns the current time, hour, minute, second, if the write code like this:

int theHour;
int theMinute;
int theSecond;
timeObject.GetTime (ref theHour, ref theMinute, ref theSecond)

If you use theHour, theMinute and theSecond not before the three variables are initialized, it will generate a compiler error:

Use of unassigned local variable''theHour''
Use of unassigned local variable''theMinute''
Use of unassigned local variable''theSecond''

We can initialize these variables to 0 or other methods did not affect the value of the return value to solve this small problem the compiler:

int theHour = 0;
int theMinute = 0;
int theSecond = 0;
timeObject.GetTime (ref theHour, ref theMinute, ref theSecond)

This little too cumbersome, these variables are passed to the GetTime method, then change it. To solve this problem, C # specifically for this situation out parameter modifier provided, it can make an argument without initialization can be cited. For example, GetTime parameters in its own makes no sense, they are just to express the output of the method. Before the method returns, Out parameters must be assigned a value. Here is the revised GetTime methods:

public void GetTime (out int h, out int m, out int s)
(
h = Hour;
m = Minute;
s = Second;
)

Here is a new method called GetTime method:

timeObject.GetTime (out theHour, out theMinute, out theSecond);






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